Journal: Frontiers in Pain Research
Article Title: Ice water immersion does not activate diffuse noxious inhibitory controls of spinal reflexes in sedated or anaesthetised dogs ( Canis familiaris ): a pilot study
doi: 10.3389/fpain.2025.1505064
Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) immersion of the forelimb in ice water; (B) paired stimulating needle electrodes (blue leads) were introduced into the plantar dermal tissues of the distal phalanx of the fourth digit, immediately proximal to the proximal edge of the digital pad, of the left pelvic limb; (C) paired stainless steel needle recording electrodes (blue and red leads) were placed transcutaneously (18 mm inter-electrode distance) into the belly of the cranial tibial muscle of the left pelvic limb.
Article Snippet: Paired stimulating needle electrodes (disposable subdermal needle electrode 12 × 0.40 mm, Natus Neurology Inc. Middleton, WI, USA) were introduced into the plantar dermal tissues of the distal phalanx of the fourth digit, immediately proximal to the proximal edge of the digital pad, of the left pelvic limb (see ).
Techniques: